• 목록
• 답변
• 게시판 리스트 옵션
  • 수정
  • 삭제

For example, a SAGD operation could end in condensed steam accompanying a resource (e.g., heavy oil) to a well. SAGD is a method that includes subterranean supply of steam to boost move of heavy oil, bitumen, etc. SAGD might be applied for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), which is also called tertiary recovery because it modifications properties of oil in situ. When a gas barrier layer is ruptured, fluid, whether liquid or gasoline, may circulation inwardly and cause harm or otherwise disrupt function(s) of a energy cable. In flip, because the useful resource is heated, its viscosity decreases, permitting it to move extra readily to the nicely 143 (e.g., low voltage armored power cable a resource production properly). For instance, a SAGD operation in the geologic surroundings 140 might use the properly 141 for steam-injection and the nicely 143 for useful resource production. Where equipment is positioned within a geologic atmosphere, longevity of the equipment can depend upon traits of the environment and, for instance, duration of use of the tools in addition to function of the equipment.

In such an instance, extruding polyethylene can include extruding talc mixed with the polyethylene and/or extruding polypropylene mixed with the polyethylene. For example, an XLPE materials can include talc to offer extra thermal and chemical stability to uncured XLPE at high temperatures. For example, adding polypropylene (PP) or PP with talc can improve the mechanical and thermal stability of an extruded XLPE materials. The impact of PP and talc concentration on the melt viscosity was examined for management of processing situations of XLPE/PP/Talc composites. Further, for instance, condensed steam could place demands on separation processing the place it's fascinating to separate one or more components from a hydrocarbon and water mixture. For example, a cable could embody a number of lead (Pb) alloy layers (e.g., including a minimum of lead (Pb) and tin (Sn)) which will act as a barrier or barriers to gasoline. While one or more gasoline barrier layers could aim to be impermeable to gas migration from an exterior region to an inside region, injury may happen to a cable the place strain can construct in an interior region that's interior to a gas barrier layer. As such, the place well fluid contacts an EPDM insulation layer, injury may occur to the insulation because of swelling of the EPDM (e.g., which may apply strain that may mechanically harm a number of features of a cable).

For instance, a cable might carry power, at times, for example, with amperage of as much as about 200 A or extra. For instance, the geologic atmosphere 120 could also be outfitted with a number of of quite a lot of sensors, detectors, actuators, and many others. For instance, gear 122 could include communication circuitry to obtain and to transmit data with respect to one or more networks 125. Such info could include information related to downhole gear 124, which could also be gear to amass information, to help with useful resource recovery, and many others. Other gear 126 may be situated distant from a effectively site and embrace sensing, detecting, emitting or different circuitry. For instance, the geologic environment 140 could also be outfitted with gear 145, which could also be, for example, steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) gear for injecting steam for enhancing extraction of a useful resource from a reservoir. For example, a cable could also be utilized as a power cable and deployment cable for a instrument. For example, consider a cable that may be utilized to power and to deploy an electric submersible pump (ESP) in a bore in a geologic setting.

As an example, a properly could also be drilled for a reservoir that's laterally extensive. FIG. 1 additionally shows the geologic setting 120 as optionally including gear 127 and 128 related to a properly that includes a substantially horizontal portion which will intersect with one or more fractures 129. For instance, consider a well in a shale formation that will embody pure fractures, synthetic fractures (e.g., hydraulic fractures) or a mix of pure and synthetic fractures. FIG. 1 shows examples of geologic environments a hundred and twenty and 140. In FIG. 1, the geologic surroundings 120 could also be a sedimentary basin that includes layers (e.g., stratification) that embrace a reservoir 121 and that could be, for example, intersected by a fault 123 (e.g., or faults). Each of the geologic environments a hundred and twenty and 140 of FIG. 1 may include harsh environments therein. However, when a floor fault does occur, energy at the WYE point 325 may be altered. The foregoing examples, referring to "normal" and "ground fault" states, show how floor faults may give rise to numerous issues.